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Otto Loewi was a pharmacologist whose discoveries greatly advanced the study of chemical communication between nerve cells. Born in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1873, he originally hoped to study art history. However, ________________, Loewi studied medicine at the University of Strasbourg, Germany (now part of France). Although he was qualified as a physician, he chose to switch from a doctor treating patients to a medical researcher seeking cures. In 1902, he first met Henry Dale in Ernest Starling's laboratory in London, where he spent several months. In 1936, he and Henry Dale shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. After Germany invaded Austria in 1938, Loewi was forced to leave Austria, where he was living at the time. Loewi became a research professor at New York University's College of Medicine in 1940.